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# Postato venerdì 23 ottobre 2009 10:54
L 1 GERUND
L1/ : The Gerund
Form&Use : AB
The gerund has the same form as the present participle : speaking , working , running.....it can be used in the fallowing ways :
*as subject of sentence
*as complement of verb
*after prepositions
*after certain verb
Gerund&Infinitive : AB
The verbs which may take either infinitive or gerund ( advise , agree , allow , begin , cease , continue , forget , hate , intend , like , love , mean , need , permit , recommend , start , stop , try , used , want .....)
A- With begin , start , continue , cease , either infinitive of gerund may be used without any difference in meaning but the infinitive is more usual with verbs of knowing and understanding and the verb matter :
I began working / I began to work
B- After can/could eighter gerund of infinitive can be used : I can't bear waiting/ to wait ,
but when the infinitive refers to adeliberate action the expression implies that the subject's feelings prevent him from performing the action : I couldn't bear to tell him.
C- After intend an infinitive
I intend to sell it
Is more usual than a gerund : I intend selling it
The infinitive is necessary when we have intend + object this is found only in formal English.
I intend him to take over the department .
D- With advise , allow , permit , recommend , if the person concerned is mentioned we use the infinitive :
-He advised me to apply at once
-She recommends housewives to buy the big tins
-They don't allow us to park here
But if this person is not mentioned the gerund is used :
-He advised applying at once
-She recommends buying the big tins
-They don't allow parking .
The gerund after allow and permit can't have an object so if we want an allow/permit + verb + object construction we must use the infinitive and mention the person concerned :
-They allowed their tenants to use the garage .
The Passive Gerund AB
Present : being written
Perfect : having been written
-He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper
-I remember being taken to Paris as a small child
-The safe showed no signs of having been tonched .
Official Site abdou759.tk
Form&Use : AB
The gerund has the same form as the present participle : speaking , working , running.....it can be used in the fallowing ways :
*as subject of sentence
*as complement of verb
*after prepositions
*after certain verb
Gerund&Infinitive : AB
The verbs which may take either infinitive or gerund ( advise , agree , allow , begin , cease , continue , forget , hate , intend , like , love , mean , need , permit , recommend , start , stop , try , used , want .....)
A- With begin , start , continue , cease , either infinitive of gerund may be used without any difference in meaning but the infinitive is more usual with verbs of knowing and understanding and the verb matter :
I began working / I began to work
B- After can/could eighter gerund of infinitive can be used : I can't bear waiting/ to wait ,
but when the infinitive refers to adeliberate action the expression implies that the subject's feelings prevent him from performing the action : I couldn't bear to tell him.
C- After intend an infinitive
I intend to sell it
Is more usual than a gerund : I intend selling it
The infinitive is necessary when we have intend + object this is found only in formal English.
I intend him to take over the department .
D- With advise , allow , permit , recommend , if the person concerned is mentioned we use the infinitive :
-He advised me to apply at once
-She recommends housewives to buy the big tins
-They don't allow us to park here
But if this person is not mentioned the gerund is used :
-He advised applying at once
-She recommends buying the big tins
-They don't allow parking .
The gerund after allow and permit can't have an object so if we want an allow/permit + verb + object construction we must use the infinitive and mention the person concerned :
-They allowed their tenants to use the garage .
The Passive Gerund AB
Present : being written
Perfect : having been written
-He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper
-I remember being taken to Paris as a small child
-The safe showed no signs of having been tonched .
Official Site abdou759.tk
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# Postato giovedì 12 febbraio 2009 06:18
رسالة الى جلالة الملك
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# Postato mercoledì 17 dicembre 2008 17:03
رسالة الى جلالة الملك
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# Postato mercoledì 17 dicembre 2008 13:25
